Systolic Blood Pressure (Japan)
Assessment of the relationships between the observed drop in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) in Japan in 1986–2002 and the use of antihypertensive treatment and lifestyle factors. MethodsA nationally representative sample of 90 554 men and 101 903 women aged 20 years and over was obtained from pooled data of annual cross-sectional surveys in Japan during 1986–2002. Using two-stage least squares with an instrumental variable, we examined the association between SBP and antihypertensive medication and lifestyle factors, including body mass index (BMI), physical activity, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and dietary salt intake.
- Regular exercise was defined as exercise for more than 30 minutes at a time more than twice a week for over 1 year.
- Current smoking was defined as either daily or occasional cigarette use.
- Current drinking was defined as an intake of more than one standard cup of Japanese sake, one large bottle of regular beer, or one double measure of whisky at a time more than three times a week.
Changes in mean predicted SBP in each sex and age group between 1986 and 2002 were decomposed into the respective contributions of these explanatory variables.
Data (one per tab in downloadable Excel file)
- Age-standardized means (95% confidence intervals) of key variables by sex in the National Nutrition Survey, Japan in 1986 and 2002
- Age-standardized mean (95% confidence interval) of systolic blood pressure by quintiles of treatment rate of hypertension at the prefecture level
- Results from the first-stage and second-stage linear regression model on SBP, based on data from the National Nutrition Survey, Japan, 1986–2002
- Change in means of predicted systolic blood pressures between 1986 and 2002 by sex and age group, based on data from the National Nutrition Survey, Japan, 1986-2002
- Age-standardized mean and 95% confidence interval of systolic blood pressure in the adult population over 20 years of age, by sex, based on data from the National Nutrition Survey, Japan, 1986–2002
- Estimated contributions of explanatory variables to changes in mean predicted SBP in men between 1986 and 2002, based on data from the National Nutrition Survey, Japan, 1986–2002
All Data - Systolic Blood Pressure (Japan) (70k xls)
Full Citation: Ikeda N, Gakidou E, Hasegawa T, Murray CJL. Understanding the decline of mean systolic blood pressure in Japan: an analysis of pooled data from the National Nutrition Survey, 1986–2002. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2008 Sep 17; 86:978–988.
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